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20 May 2024: Legal Overview on Tapera (Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat), the "Citizen's Saving for Housing"

On 20 May 2024, Indonesia promulgated the Government Regulation Number 21 Year 2024 on the Amendment of Government Regulation Number 25 Year 2020 on the Implementation of Citizen's Saving for Housing (Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 Tahun 2020 tentang Penyelenggaraan Tabungan Perumahan Rakyat) , commonly called as the " Tapera " . Referring to its definition, in principle, Tapera is a saving, conducted periodically by the "Participant", that can be utilized only for financing the housing and/or can be returned along with its yield resulted after the one's participation is ended. As stipulated in Article 15 of the Tapera regulation, the "Saving" rate has been set at 3% (three percent) of the "Salary" or "Wage" towards the "Employee Participant" (0.5% by the Employer and 2.5% by the Employee), and of the "Income" towards the "Independent Worker...

Indonesian Company Law: Board of Directors Liabilities (of third party's contract executed by former president director)


Undang-Undang No.40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas

Pasal 92

(1).    Direksi menjalankan pengurusan Perseroan untuk kepentingan Perseroan dan sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan Perseroan.
  
(2).    Direksi berwenang menjalankan pengurusan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) sesuai dengan kebijakan yang dipandang tepat, dalam batas yang ditentukan dalam Undang-Undang ini dan/ atau anggaran dasar.


(5).    Dalam hal Direksi terdiri atas 2 (dua) anggota Direksi atau lebih, pembagian tugas dan wewenang pengurusan di antara anggota Direksi ditetapkan berdasarkan keputusan RUPS.

(6).    Dalam hal RUPS sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (5) tidak menetapkan, pembagian tugas dan wewenang anggota Direksi ditetapkan berdasarkan keputusan Direksi.


Pasal 93

(1).    Yang dapat diangkat menjadi anggota Direksi adalah orang perseorangan yang cakap melakukan perbuatan hukum, kecuali dalam waktu 5 (lima) tahun sebelum pengangkatannya pernah:

(a).    dinyatakan pailit;

(b).    menjadi anggota Direksi atau anggota Dewan Komisaris yang dinyatakan bersalah menyebabkan suatu Perseroan dinyatakan pailit; atau

(c).    dihukum karena melakukan tindak pidana yang merugikan keuangan negara dan/atau yang berkaitan dengan sektor keuangan.
  
Pasal 95

(1).    Pengangkatan anggota Direksi yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 93 batal karena hukum sejak saat anggota Direksi lainnya atau Dewan Komisaris mengetahui tidak terpenuhinya persyaratan tersebut.


(3).    Perbuatan hukum yang telah dilakukan untuk dan atas nama Perseroan oleh anggota Direksi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) sebelum pengangkatannya batal, tetap mengikat dan menjadi tanggung jawab Perseroan.

Pasal 97
  
(1).    Direksi bertanggung jawab atas pengurusan Perseroan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 92 ayat (1).

(2).    Pengurusan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), wajib dilaksanakan setiap anggota Direksi dengan itikad baik dan penuh tanggung jawab.

(3).    Setiap anggota Direksi bertanggung jawab penuh secara pribadi atas kerugian Perseroan apabila yang bersangkutan bersalah atau lalai menjalankan tugasnya sesuai dengan ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2).

(4).    Dalam hal Direksi terdiri atas 2 (dua) anggota Direksi atau lebih, tanggung jawab sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) berlaku secara tanggung renteng bagi setiap anggota Direksi.
  
(5).    Anggota Direksi tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan atas kerugian sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (3) apabila dapat membuktikan:

 a.        kerugian tersebut bukan karena kesalahan atau kelalaiannya;
b.        telah melakukan pengurusan dengan itikad baik dan kehati-hatian untuk kepentingan         dan sesuai dengan maksud dan tujuan Perseroan;
c.        tidak mempunyai benturan kepentingan baik langsung maupun tidak langsung atas             tindakan pengurusan yang mengakibatkan kerugian; dan
d.        telah mengambil tindakan untuk mencegah timbul atau berlanjutnya kerugian tersebut.

Pasal 98

(1).    Direksi mewakili Perseroan baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan.

(2).    Dalam hal anggota Direksi terdiri lebih dari 1 (satu) orang, yang berwenang mewakili Perseroan adalah setiap anggota Direksi, kecuali ditentukan lain dalam anggaran dasar.

(3).    Kewenangan Direksi untuk mewakili Perseroan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) adalah tidak terbatas dan tidak bersyarat, kecuali ditentukan lain dalam Undang-Undang ini, anggaran dasar, atau keputusan RUPS.

Pasal 102

(1).    Direksi wajib meminta persetujuan RUPS untuk:
 a.        mengalihkan kekayaan Perseroan; atau
         b.        menjadikan jaminan utang kekayaan Perseroan;
       yang merupakan lebih dari 50 % (lima puluh persen) jumlah kekayaan bersih Perseroan dalam 1 (satu) transaksi atau lebih, baik yang berkaitan satu sama lain maupun tidak.

(4).    Perbuatan hukum sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tanpa persetujuan RUPS, tetap mengikat Perseroan sepanjang pihak lain dalam perbuatan hukum tersebut beritikad baik.

Pasal 117

(1).    Dalam anggaran dasar dapat ditetapkan pemberian wewenang kepada Dewan Komisaris untuk memberikan persetujuan atau bantuan kepada Direksi dalam melakukan perbuatan hukum tertentu.

(2).    Dalam hal anggaran dasar menetapkan persyaratan pemberian persetujuan atau bantuan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), tanpa persetujuan atau bantuan Dewan Komisaris, perbuatan hukum tetap mengikat Perseroan sepanjang pihak lainnya dalam perbuatan hukum tersebut beritikad baik.


Law No.40 of 2007 on Indonesian Company Law

Article 92

(1) The Board of Directors shall undertake its duty to manage the Company for the interest of the Company in the pursuit of its purposes and objectives.

(2) The Board of Directors shall have the authority to manage the Company as referred to in paragraph (1) in accordance with the policy which is considered accurate, and shall be in accordance with the provision as regulated under in this Law and/or the articles of association.

(5) In the event the Board of Directors consists of 2 (two) members of the Board of Directors or more, the distribution of duty and authority among the members of the Board of Directors shall be determined based on the GMS resolution.

(6) In the event the GMS as referred to in paragraph (5) does not determine the distribution of duty and authority of the members of the Board of Directors, such distribution shall be stipulated based on the resolution of the Board of Directors.

Article 93

(1).    Those who can be appointed as the members of the Board of Directors shall be individual who has the capability in performing legal action, except within the period of 5 (five) years prior to his appointment he/she :

(a).    had been declared bankrupt;

(b).    being the member of the Board of Directors or the member of Board of Commissioners who have been adjudicated to have caused the bankruptcy of a Company; or
(c).    had been sentenced for a criminal offense which caused financial loss to the state and/or relating to financial sector.
  
Article 95

(1) The appointment of the Board of Directors which is not in accordance with the requirement as stipulated in Article 93 shall be, by law, nullified as of the other members of the Board of Directors or Board of Commissioners acknowledges the non-compliance of such requirement.

(3) Legal action that has been conducted for and on behalf of the Company by the members of the Board of Directors as referred to in paragraph (1) prior to the annulment of appointment shall remain binding and become the responsibility of the Company.

Article 97

(1) The Board of Directors shall be responsible for the management of the Company as referred to in Article 92 paragraph (1).

(2) The management as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be performed by each member of the Board of Directors with good faith and full responsibility.

(3) Each member of the Board of Directors shall be fully and personally liable over the loss of the Company if it resulted from its fault or negligent in performing its duties, in accordance with the provision as referred to in paragraph (2).

(4) In the event the Board of Directors consist of 2 (two) members or more, the responsibility as referred to in paragraph (3) shall jointly and severally apply to each member of the Board of Directors .

(5) A member of the Board of Directors shall not be liable for the loss as referred to in paragraph (3) if it is proven that :

a. such loss is not resulted from its fault or negligence;
b. it has performed the management of the Company with good faith and prudent for the interest of the Company in the pursuit of its purposes and objectives;
c. there is no conflict of interest, either directly or indirectly over the management that result to the loss; and
d.  it has taken a precaution measure to avoid the loss.

Article 98

(1) The Board of Directors shall represent the Company, in or outside the courts of justice.

(2) In the event the Board of Directors consists of more than 1 (one) person, each member of the Board of Directors is authorized to represent the Company unless stipulated otherwise in the article of association.

(3) The authority of the Board of Directors to represent the Company as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be unlimited and unconditional, except otherwise stated in this Law, articles of association, or the resolution of GMS.

Article 102

(1) The Board of Directors shall be obliged to request the GMS approval to :
a. transfer the Company’s assets; or
b. to pledge the Company’s assets as security for a loan.
which constitutes of more than 50% (fifty percent) from the total net assets of the Company in 1 (one) transaction or more, either separate or inter-related.

(4) The legal action as referred to in paragraph (1) shall remain binding for the Company even though without any approval from the GMS, as long as the other party has a good faith in conducting such legal action.

Article 117

(1).    The granting of authority to the Board of Commissioners in order to provide approval or assistance to the Board of Directors in performing a specific legal action may be stipulated in the articles of association.

(2).    In the event the articles of association stipulates the requirement for the grant of authority as referred to in paragraph (1) without the approval or assistance of the Board of Commissioners, the legal action shall remain valid and binding to the Company as long as the other parties who conduct such legal show good faith.
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Indonesia

BAGIAN 2
Syarat-syarat Terjadinya Suatu Persetujuan yang Sah

Pasal 1320

Supaya terjadi persetujuan yang sah, perlu dipenuhi empat syarat:
1. kesepakatan mereka yang mengikatkan dirinya;
2. kecakapan untuk membuat suatu perikatan;
3. suatu pokok persoalan tertentu;
4. suatu sebab yang tidak terlarang.

BAGIAN 3
Akibat Persetujuan

Pasal 1338

Semua persetujuan yang dibuat sesuai dengan undang-undang berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi mereka yang membuatnya. Persetujuan itu tidak dapat ditarik kembali selain dengan kesepakatan kedua belah pihak, atau karena alasan-alasan yang ditentukan oleh undangundang. Persetujuan harus dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik.
Indonesian Civil Code

Section 2
Concerning the conditions that are required for the validity of agreements

Article 1320

In order to be valid, an agreement must satisfy the following four conditions:
1. there must be consent of the individuals who are bound thereby;
2. there must be capacity to conclude an agreement;
3. there must be a specific subject;
4. there must be an admissible cause.

Section 3
The effects of agreements

Article 1338

All legally executed agreements shall bind the individuals who have concluded them by law. They cannot be revoked otherwise than by mutual agreement, or pursuant to reasons which are legally declared to be sufficient. They shall be executed in good faith.

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